HazardMaps is an R package for reproducible spatial dependence analysis of natural hazards. It provides a unified workflow to ingest gridded climate datasets, fit and compare spatial dependence models, and generate spatially coherent pseudoscenarios for uncertainty quantification.
The package implements the methodology of Clavijo Mesa et al. (2026), validated on wind-gust extremes over Northeast Italy using Copernicus and EURO-CORDEX reanalysis data.
remotes::install_github("Valentina9619/HazardMaps")
library(HazardMaps)
# 1. Ingest
x <- hm_read_netcdf("Copernicus_dailymax.nc", var = "i10fg")
x <- hm_standardize_coords(x)
x <- hm_decode_time(x)
# 2. Filter extreme events
x_ext <- hm_select_extreme_events(x, threshold = 25)
X <- hm_to_matrix(x_ext)
X <- hm_filter_land_cells(X)
# 3. Fit marginal distributions
fits <- hm_fit_marginals(X, criterion = "bic")
pit <- hm_pit_transform(X, fits)
# 4. Estimate spatial dependence
D <- hm_distance_matrix(attr(X, "coords"))
tau <- hm_empirical_kendall(pit$Z)
corg <- hm_empirical_correlogram(tau, D)
# 5a. Copula model (C-vine, D-vine, or Gaussian)
cop <- hm_fit_copula(pit$U, type = "cvine")
scenarios <- hm_simulate_copula(cop, fits, n_scenarios = 1000)
# 5b. Stochastic field model (KLE-based)
model <- hm_fit_correlation_model(corg)
scenarios <- hm_simulate_sf_kle(model, D, fits, n_scenarios = 1000)
| Module | Functions |
|---|---|
| Data ingest |
hm_read_netcdf, hm_standardize_coords, hm_decode_time, hm_to_matrix, hm_filter_land_cells
|
| Event selection |
hm_select_extreme_events, hm_summarise_events
|
| Marginals |
hm_fit_marginals, hm_marginal_gof, hm_pit_transform
|
| Dependence |
hm_distance_matrix, hm_empirical_kendall, hm_empirical_correlogram, hm_cluster_size
|
| Copulas |
hm_fit_copula, hm_simulate_copula
|
| Stochastic fields |
hm_fit_correlation_model, hm_simulate_sf_kle
|
| Visualization |
hm_plot_spatial_domain, hm_plot_exceedance, hm_plot_best_dist, hm_plot_correlogram
|
Clavijo Mesa, M.V., Di Maio, F. & Zio, E. (2026). A modeling framework for the inoperability assessment of interdependent critical infrastructures exposed to spatially distributed natural hazards. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 275, 112830. DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2026.112830
Clavijo Mesa, M.V., Broggi, M., Di Maio, F. & Zio, E. (2026). Inoperability assessment of interdependent critical infrastructures exposed to natural hazards considering climate change. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 141, 106172. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2026.106172